During the middle of the 11th century, a reformist movement within the Christian Church sought to reassert the rights of the Holy See at the expense of the European monarchs. Having been elected in 1073, the reformist See more

The Emperor received the papal legates in Worms with due ceremony, where he awaited the outcome of the negotiations which appear to … See more

The first invocation of the concordat was not in the empire, as it turned out, but by Henry I of England the following year. Following a long … See more

In January 1118, Pope Paschal died. He was succeeded by Gelasius II, who died in January 1119. His successor, the Burgundian Callixtus II, resumed negotiations with … See more

After the failure of the Mouzon negotiations, and the disappearance into the horizon of the chances of Henry's unconditional surrender See more

The agreements come to at Worms were in the nature of both concessions and assurances to the other party. Henry, on oath before God, the apostles and the church renounced his right to invest bishops and abbots with ring and crosier, and opened … See more

The most detailed contemporary description of the Concordat comes to historians through a brief chronicle known as the 1125 continuation chronicle. This is a pro-papal document lays the blame for the schism squarely upon Henry—by his recognition of … See more