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    Cosmic microwave background - Wikipedia

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background

    The cosmic microwave background (CMB, CMBR), in Big Bang cosmology, is electromagnetic radiation which is a remnant from an early stage of the universe, also known as "relic radiation". The CMB is faint cosmic background radiation filling all space. It is an important source of data on the

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    Importance of precise measurement

    Precise measurements of the CMB are critical to cosmology, since any proposed model of the universe must explain this radiation. The CMB has a thermal black body spectrum at a temperature of 2.72548±0.00057 K. The

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    Features

    The cosmic microwave background radiation is an emission of uniform, black body thermal energy coming from all parts of the sky. The radiation is isotropic to roughly one part in 100,000: the root mean square variations are only 18 μK, after subtracting out a

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    History

    The cosmic microwave background was first predicted in 1948 by Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman, in close relation to work performed by Alpher's PhD advisor George Gamow. Alpher and Herman were able to estimate the temperature of the cosmic microwave background to

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    Polarization

    The cosmic microwave background is polarized at the level of a few microkelvin. There are two types of polarization, called E-modes and B-modes. This is in analogy to

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    Microwave background observations

    Subsequent to the discovery of the CMB, hundreds of cosmic microwave background experiments have been conducted to measure and characterize the signatures of the

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    Data reduction and analysis

    Raw CMBR data, even from space vehicles such as WMAP or Planck, contain foreground effects that completely obscure the fine-scale structure of the cosmic microwave

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    Relationship to the Big Bang

    The cosmic microwave background radiation and the cosmological redshift-distance relation are together regarded as the best available evidence for the Big Bang theory. Measurements of the CMB have made the inflationary Big Bang theory the

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  2. Cosmic microwave background radiation - Simple English ...

    https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation

    Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB radiation) is radiation in the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which comes from all directions in outer space.It is known to come from our earliest infant universe. Since the universe is very large, and the speed of light is constant, we know that when the CMB light arrives from the infant universe, it arrives as the …

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    • List of cosmic microwave background experiments - Wikipedia

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cosmic...

      68 hàng · This list is a compilation of experiments measuring the cosmic microwave …

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      • Tập tin:Cmbr.svg – Wikipedia tiếng Việt

        https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tập_tin:Cmbr.svg

        NASA's comment on the original picture: "Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) spectrum plotted in waves per centimeter vs. intensity. The solid curve shows the expected intensity from a single temperature blackbody spectrum, as predicted by the hot Big Bang theory. A blackbody is a hypothetical body that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation ...

        • Miêu tả: English: The monopole spectrum of the …
        • Ngày tạo ra: 4 tháng 2 năm 2011
        • Tác giả: Quantum Doughnut
        • Nguồn gốc: Tác phẩm do chính người tải lên tạo ra

      • Cosmic microwave background - Wikipedia, ang malayang ...

        https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background

        Cosmic microwave background. Sa kosmolohiya, ang Cosmic microwave background o CMB o CMBR ay ang thermal radiation na pumupuno sa mapagmamasdang uniberso na halos pantay. Sa isang tradisyonal na optikal na teleskopyo, ang espasyo sa pagitan ng mga bituin at galaksiya (ang likuran) ay buong madilim ngunit ang isang sapat na senstibong ...

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        • Hintergrundstrahlung – Wikipedia

          https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hintergrundstrahlung
          • Nach dem Urknall standen Strahlung und Materie zunächst im thermischen Gleichgewicht. Infolge der Expansion des Universums sanken die Temperatur und die Dichte des gekoppelten Strahlung-Materie-Gemisches mit der Zeit. Schließlich konnten nach etwa 380.000 Jahren, bei einer Temperatur von etwa 3000 Kelvin, Protonen und Elektronen elektrisch neutralen Wasserstoff bil…
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          • Radiazione cosmica di fondo - Wikipedia

            https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiazione_cosmica_di_fondo
            Image
            La radiazione di fondo è definibile come la radiazione residua proveniente dalle fasi iniziali della nascita dell'universo in accordo con il modello del Big Bang, di cui è considerata una conferma chiave. Nelle fasi iniziali della vita, prima della formazione di stelle e pianeti, l'universo aveva dimensioni molto più contenute di …
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            • 1953: George Gamow stima la temperatura a 7 K.
            • 1950: Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman ricalcolano la temperatura a 28 K.
            • 1956: George Gamow stima la temperatura a 6 K.
            • anni 1960: Robert Dicke stima nuovamente la temperatura della CMB a 40 K.

          • Radiación de fondo de microondas - Wikipedia, la ...

            https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiación_de_fondo_de_microondas
            • La radiación de fondo de microondas es isótropa hasta una parte entre 105: las variaciones del valor eficaz son solo 18 µK.[2]​ El espectrofotómetro FIRAS (en inglés The Far-Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer) en el satélite COBE de la NASA ha medido cuidadosamente el espectro de la radiación de fondo del microondas. El FIRAS comparó el CMB con un cuerpo negro de referenci…
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          • 宇宙微波背景 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书

            https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/宇宙微波背景
            • 從背景輻射中，利用都卜勒效應減去一個偶極，其中後者乃源於地球相對於共動宇宙靜止參照系有相對運動，星球以相當371 km/s的速度朝向獅子座移動。減去偶極後，宇宙微波背景是均勻的輻射，黑體輻射的熱能來自整個天空。輻射是各向同性的，差異約略為1/100000：方均根變異只有18μK，宇宙微波背景偶極以及在更高階的多極矩上的相差已經得到測量，其結果同銀河系運動的 …
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            • 1946年: 罗伯特·迪克預測「…輻射來自宇宙物質」，約 …
            • 1950年: 拉爾夫·阿爾菲和羅伯特·赫爾曼重新估算的溫度在28 K

          • Fond diffus cosmologique — Wikipédia

            https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fond_diffus_cosmologique

            Le fond diffus cosmologique (FDC, ou CMB pour l'anglais cosmic microwave background, « fond cosmique de micro-ondes ») est un rayonnement électromagnétique très homogène observé dans toutes les directions du ciel et dont le pic d'émission est situé dans le domaine des micro-ondes.On le qualifie de diffus parce qu'il ne provient pas d'une ou plusieurs sources localisées, …

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