The Electoral Palatinate (German: Kurpfalz) or the Palatinate (Pfalz), officially the Electorate of the Palatinate (Kurfürstentum Pfalz), was a state that was part of the Holy Roman Empire. Counts palatine of the Rhine served as prince-electors (Kurfürsten) from "time immemorial," were noted as such in a papal letter of 1261, and were confirmed as electors by the Golden Bull of 1356.

The estate of imperial princes or Reichsfürstenstand was first established in a legal sense in the Late Middle Ages.A particular estate of "the Princes" was first mentioned in the decree issued by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1180 at the Imperial Diet of Gelnhausen, in which he divested Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony and Bavaria.About fifty years later, Eike of Repgow codified it as …

Un libro è un insieme di fogli, stampati oppure manoscritti, delle stesse dimensioni, rilegati insieme in un certo ordine e racchiusi da una copertina.. Il libro è il veicolo più diffuso del sapere. L'insieme delle opere stampate, inclusi i libri, è detto letteratura.I libri sono pertanto opere letterarie.Nella biblioteconomia e scienza dell'informazione un libro è detto monografia, per ...

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