The first extensive use of the term "crony capitalism" came about in the 1980s, to characterize the Philippine economy under the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos. Early uses of this term to describe the economic practices of the Marcos

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Crony capitalism exists along a continuum. In its lightest form, crony capitalism consists of collusion among market players which is officially tolerated or encouraged by the government. While perhaps lightly competing against each other, they will present a

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Crony capitalism in finance was found in the Second Bank of the United States. It was a private company, but its largest stockholder was the

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More direct government involvement in a specific sector can also lead to specific areas of crony capitalism, even if the economy as a whole may be competitive. This is most common in natural resource sectors through the granting of mining or drilling concessions, but it

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While the problem is generally accepted across the political spectrum, ideology shades the view of the problem's causes and therefore its

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• Corporatocracy
• Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos
• Economic History of the Philippines under Ferdinand Marcos

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In its worst form, crony capitalism can devolve into simple corruption where any pretense of a free market is dispensed with. Bribes to

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