Vascular plants (from Latin vasculum 'duct'), also called tracheophytes (/ t r ə ˈ k iː. ə ˌ f aɪ t s /) or collectively Tracheophyta (from Ancient Greek τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία (trakheîa artēría) 'windpipe', and φυτά (phutá) 'plants'), form a large group of land plants (c. 300,000 accepted known species) that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and ...

Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclude the fungi and some algae, as well as the prokaryotes (the archaea and bacteria).By one definition, plants form the clade Viridiplantae …

In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.. In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls …

A cushion plant is a compact, low-growing, mat-forming plant that is found in alpine, subalpine, arctic, or subarctic environments around the world. The term "cushion" is usually applied to woody plants that grow as spreading mats, are limited in height above the ground (a few inches at most), have relatively large and deep tap roots, and have life histories adapted to slow …

Etymology. The common name "spurge" derives from the Middle English/Old French espurge ("to purge"), due to the use of the plant's sap as a purgative.The botanical name Euphorbia derives from Euphorbos, the Greek physician of King Juba II of Numidia and Mauretania (52–50 BC – 23 AD), who married the daughter of Anthony and Cleopatra. Juba was a prolific writer on various …

Characteristics. Woody plants are usually either trees, shrubs, or lianas.These are usually perennial plants whose stems and larger roots are reinforced with wood produced from secondary xylem.The main stem, larger branches, and roots of these plants are usually covered by a layer of bark.Wood is a structural tissue that allows woody plants to grow from above …

Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. Closely related fields include plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics and molecular biology.. Fundamental processes such as photosynthesis, …

Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (/ ˌ æ n dʒ i ə ˈ s p ɜːr m iː /), commonly called angiosperms.The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words angeion ('container, vessel') and sperma ('seed'), and refers to those plants that produce their seeds enclosed within a fruit.They are by far the most diverse group of land …

Gynoecium (/ ɡ aɪ ˈ n iː s i. ə m, dʒ ɪ ˈ n iː ʃ i. ə m /; from Ancient Greek γυνή (gunḗ) 'woman, female', and οἶκος (oîkos) 'house') is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds.The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) pistils and is ...

A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane.It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism. Cell walls are absent in many eukaryotes, including animals, but are present in some other ones like fungi, algae and plants, and in most ...