WebPhilology (from Ancient Greek φιλολογία (philología) 'love of word') is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection [definition needed] of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as the study of literary texts as well as oral and written records, …

WebCuneiform is a logo-syllabic script that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Middle East. The script was in active use from the early Bronze Age until the beginning of the Common Era. It is named for the characteristic wedge-shaped impressions (Latin: cuneus) which form its signs.Cuneiform was originally developed to write the Sumerian …

WebThe pigpen cipher (alternatively referred to as the masonic cipher, Freemason's cipher, Napoleon cipher, and tic-tac-toe cipher) is a geometric simple substitution cipher, which exchanges letters for symbols which are fragments of a grid.The example key shows one way the letters can be assigned to the grid.

WebThe Proto-Elamite period, also known as Susa III, is a chronological era in the ancient history of the area of Elam, dating from c. 3200 BC to 2700 BC. In archaeological terms this corresponds to the late Banesh period. Proto-Elamite sites are recognized as the oldest civilization in the territory of present-day Iran.. The Proto-Elamite script is an Early …

WebHittite (natively ???????????????? nišili / "the language of Neša", or nešumnili / "the language of the people of Neša"), also known as Nesite (Nešite / Neshite, Nessite), is an extinct Indo-European language that was spoken by the Hittites, a people of Bronze Age Anatolia who created an empire centred on Hattusa, as well as parts of the northern Levant and Upper …

WebThe Beale ciphers are a set of three ciphertexts, one of which allegedly states the location of a buried treasure of gold, silver and jewels estimated to be worth over US$43 million as of January 2018. Comprising three ciphertexts, the first (unsolved) text describes the location, the second (solved) ciphertext accounts the content of the treasure, and the third …

WebEgyptian hieroglyphs (/ ˈ h aɪ r ə ˌ ɡ l ɪ f s /, / ˈ h aɪ r oʊ ˌ ɡ l ɪ f s /) were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt, used for writing the Egyptian language.Hieroglyphs combined logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with some 1,000 distinct characters. Cursive hieroglyphs were used for religious literature on papyrus and wood. The later hieratic and …

WebAkkadian (/ ə ˈ k eɪ d i ən /, Akkadian: ???????????????? akkadû) is an extinct East Semitic language that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia (Akkad, Assyria, Isin, Larsa and Babylonia) from the third millennium BC until its gradual replacement by Akkadian-influenced Old Aramaic among Mesopotamians by the 8th century BC.. It is the earliest documented Semitic …

WebAthienou (Greek: Αθηένου or Αθηαίνου, locally ) is a village in Larnaca District, Cyprus.It is one of only four villages located within the United Nations Buffer Zone, the other three being Pyla, Troulloi and Deneia.Today, Athienou has a population of around 6,500 people. Since 1990, it has been home to Davidson College's Athienou Archaeological Project.

WebThe Phaistos Disc (also spelled Phaistos Disk, Phaestos Disc) is a disk of fired clay from the Minoan palace of Phaistos on the island of Crete, possibly dating to the middle or late Minoan Bronze Age (second millennium BC).The disk is about 15 cm (5.9 in) in diameter and covered on both sides with a spiral of stamped symbols. Its purpose and its original …