Polish writer and filmmaker Bolesław Matuszewskiwas among those who identified the mode of documentary film. He wrote two of the earliest texts on cinema Une nouvelle source de l'histoire (eng. A New Source of

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Pre-1900
Early film (pre-1900) was dominated by the novelty of showing an event. They were single-shot moments captured on film: a train entering a

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Hybrid documentary
The release of The Act of Killing (2012) directed by Joshua Oppenheimerhas introduced possibilities for emerging forms of the hybrid documentary. Traditional documentary filmmaking typically removes signs of

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There are several challenges associated with translation of documentaries. The main two are working conditions and problems with terminology.
Working conditions

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• Actuality film
• Animated documentary
• Citizen media
• Concert film

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• Aitken, Ian (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film. New York: Routledge, 2005. ISBN 978-1-57958-445-0.
• Barnouw, Erik. Documentary: A History of the Non-Fiction Film, 2nd rev. ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. ISBN 978-0-19-507898-5.

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