The economy of Chile has shifted substantially over time from the heterogeneous economies of the diverse indigenous peoples to an early husbandry-oriented economy and finally to one of raw material export and a large service sector.Chile's recent economic history (1973–) has been the focus of an extensive debate from which neoliberalism acquired its modern meaning.

The economic history of Scotland charts economic development in the history of Scotland from earliest times, through seven centuries as an independent state and following Union with England, three centuries as a country of the United Kingdom.Before 1700 Scotland was a poor rural area, with few natural resources or advantages, remotely located on the periphery of the European …

The economic history of China is covered in the following articles: . Economic history of China before 1912, the economic history of China during the ancient China and imperial China, before the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912.. Economy of the Han dynasty (202 BC – AD 220); Economy of the Song dynasty (960–1279); Economy of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)

The first synagogue to be built in Portugal since the 15th century was the Lisbon Synagogue, inaugurated in 1904. World War II. A new chapter for Jews in Portugal was marked by World War II. From 1929 Portugal was under the nationalist regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, but Portuguese nationalism was not grounded on race or biology.

The economic history of Japan is most studied for the spectacular social and economic growth in the 1800s after the Meiji Restoration.It became the first non-Western great power, and expanded steadily until its defeat in the Second World War.When Japan recovered from devastation to become the world's second largest economy behind the United States, and from 2010 behind …

The Economic History of Zimbabwe began with the transition to majority rule in 1980 and Britain's ceremonial granting of independence. The new government under Prime Minister Robert Mugabe promoted socialism, partially relying on international aid. The new regime inherited one of the most structurally developed economies and effective state systems in Africa.

The kingdom of Portugal was established from the county of Portugal in the 1130s, ruled by the Portuguese House of Burgundy.During most of the 12th and 13th centuries, its history is chiefly that of the gradual reconquest of territory from the various Muslim principalities of the period.. This process was essentially complete with the ascension of Afonso III of Portugal, the first to …

The economic history of Argentina is one of the most studied, owing to the "Argentine paradox", its unique condition as a country that had achieved advanced development in the early 20th century but experienced a reversal, which inspired an enormous wealth of literature and diverse analysis on the causes of this decline. Since independence from Spain in 1816, the country has …

The Council of Europe (CoE; French: Conseil de l'Europe, CdE) is an international organisation founded in the wake of World War II to uphold human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe. Founded in 1949, it has 46 member states, with a population of approximately 675 million; it operates with an annual budget of approximately 500 million euros. ...

The history of the Jews in Russia and areas historically connected with it goes back at least 1,500 years. Jews in Russia have historically constituted a large religious and ethnic diaspora; the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world. Within these territories the primarily Ashkenazi Jewish communities of many different areas flourished and …