In mathematics, especially the usage of linear algebra in Mathematical physics, Einstein notation (also known as the Einstein summation convention or Einstein summation notation) is a notational convention that implies summation over a set of indexed terms in a formula, thus achieving brevity. As part of mathematics it is a notational subset of Ricci calculus; however, it …

Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, in the Kingdom of Württemberg in the German Empire, on 14 March 1879 into a family of secular Ashkenazi Jews. His parents were Hermann Einstein, a salesman and engineer, and Pauline Koch.In 1880, the family moved to Munich, where Einstein's father and his uncle Jakob founded Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. Einstein & Cie, a company …

Special relativity was originally proposed by Albert Einstein in a paper published on 26 September 1905 titled "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies".The incompatibility of Newtonian mechanics with Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism and, experimentally, the Michelson–Morley null result (and subsequent similar experiments) demonstrated that the …

General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics.General relativity generalizes special relativity and refines Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a ...

Albert Einstein (prononcé en allemand [ˈ a l b ɐ t ˈ a ɪ n ʃ t a ɪ n] Écouter) né le 14 mars 1879 à Ulm, dans le Wurtemberg (Empire allemand), et mort le 18 avril 1955 à Princeton, dans le New Jersey (États-Unis), est un physicien théoricien.Il fut successivement allemand, apatride (entre 1896 et 1901), suisse (1901) et de double nationalité helvético-américaine (1940) [N 1].

Definition. The stress–energy tensor involves the use of superscripted variables (not exponents; see tensor index notation and Einstein summation notation).If Cartesian coordinates in SI units are used, then the components of the position four-vector are given by: x 0 = t, x 1 = x, x 2 = y, and x 3 = z, where t is time in seconds, and x, y, and z are distances in meters.

Although the history commences with that of the Ionian schools, there is no doubt that those Ancient Greeks who paid attention to it were largely indebted to the previous investigations of the Ancient Egyptians and Ancient Phoenicians.Numerical notation's distinctive feature, i.e. symbols having local as well as intrinsic values (), implies a state of civilization at the period of its …

A hallmark of Albert Einstein's career was his use of visualized thought experiments (German: Gedankenexperiment) as a fundamental tool for understanding physical issues and for elucidating his concepts to others. Einstein's thought experiments took diverse forms. In his youth, he mentally chased beams of light. For special relativity, he employed moving trains and flashes …

Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to compare the duration of events or the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change of quantities in material reality or in the …

In 1905, Einstein proposed that space and time appeared to be velocity-changeable entities for light propagation and all other processes and laws. These changes accounted for the constancy of the speed of light and all electromagnetic radiation, from the viewpoints of all observers—even those in relative motion.