An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats material by means of an electric arc.. Industrial arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one-tonne capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400-tonne units used for secondary steelmaking.Arc furnaces used in research laboratories and by dentists may have a capacity of …

A cupola or cupola furnace is a melting device used in foundries that can be used to melt cast iron, Ni-resist iron and some bronzes.The cupola can be made almost any practical size. The size of a cupola is expressed in diameters and can range from 1.5 to 13 feet (0.5 to 4.0 m). The overall shape is cylindrical and the equipment is arranged vertically, usually supported by four legs.

Three-phase electric power (abbreviated 3φ) is a common type of alternating current used in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. It is a type of polyphase system employing three wires (or four including an optional neutral return wire) and is the most common method used by electrical grids worldwide to transfer power.. Three-phase electrical power was …

Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate product of the iron industry in the production of steel which is obtained by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.Pig iron has a high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silica and other constituents of dross, which makes it brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.

Der Lichtbogenofen, auch Elektrolichtbogenofen (auch EAF, englisch Electric Arc Furnace), ist ein Industrieofen, der unter anderem zum Einschmelzen und Gießen von Metallen verwendet wird.Die Wärmestrahlung von elektrischen Lichtbögen erhitzt dabei leitfähiges Material auf bis zu 3500 °C.. Insbesondere in der Stahlerzeugung werden Lichtbogenöfen zum Recycling von …

History. In early 1871 Belgian inventor Zénobe Gramme invented a generator powerful enough to produce power on a commercial scale for industry.. In 1878, a hydroelectric power station was designed and built by William, Lord Armstrong at Cragside, England.It used water from lakes on his estate to power Siemens dynamos.The electricity supplied power to lights, heating, …

A furnace is a structure in which heat is produced with the help of combustion.. Furnace may also refer to: . Appliances Buildings. Furnace (central heating): a furnace (in American English), or a heater or boiler (in British English), used to generate heat for buildings Boiler, used to heat water; also called a furnace in American English when used for heating and hot water in a …

Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time.. Cogeneration is a more efficient use of fuel or heat, because otherwise-wasted heat from electricity generation is put to some productive use.Combined heat and power (CHP) plants recover otherwise wasted thermal energy for …

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is a spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elemlight) by free atoms in the gaseous state.Atomic absorption spectroscopy is based on absorption of light by free metallic ions. In analytical chemistry the technique is used for determining the concentration of …

Arc welding is used to assemble heavy steel structures, where the base metal is heated to melting by the heat of the arc. An electric arc furnace sustains arc currents of tens of thousands of amperes and is used for steelmaking and production of alloys and other products. Examples. Examples of electric discharge phenomena include: Brush discharge