Electronegativity, symbolized as χ, is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons (or electron density) when forming a chemical bond. An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. The higher the associated electronegativity, the …

The atoms, molecules or ions that make up solids may be arranged in an orderly repeating pattern, or irregularly. Materials whose constituents are arranged in a regular pattern are known as crystals.In some cases, the regular ordering can continue unbroken over a large scale, for example diamonds, where each diamond is a single crystal.Solid objects that are large …

This is a list of the deadliest animals to humans worldwide, measured by the number of humans killed per year. Different lists have varying criteria and definitions, so lists from different sources disagree and can be contentious. [clarification needed] This article contains a compilation of lists from several reliable sources.

Tabel periodik elektronegativitas unsur-unsur menggunakan skala Pauling Lihat pula tabel periodik Metode kalkulasi Elektronegativitas Pauling. Pauling pertama kali mengajukan konsep elektronegativitas pada tahun 1932 sebagai penjelasan dari fenomena lebih kuatnya ikatan kovalen antar dua atom berbeda (A–B) dari yang diperkirakan dengan mengambil kekuatan …

The carbon–fluorine bond is a polar covalent bond between carbon and fluorine that is a component of all organofluorine compounds.It is one of the strongest single bonds in chemistry (after the B–F single bond, Si–F single bond, and H–F single bond), and relatively short, due to its partial ionic character. The bond also strengthens and shortens as more fluorines are added to …

Butyric acid (/ ˈ b j uː t ɪ r ɪ k /; from Ancient Greek: βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H. It is an oily, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid) is an isomer. Salts and esters of butyric acid are ...

The number of valence electrons in an atom governs its bonding behavior. Therefore, elements whose atoms can have the same number of valence electrons are grouped together in the periodic table of the elements.. The most reactive kind of metallic element is an alkali metal of group 1 (e.g., sodium or potassium); this is because such an atom has only a single valence …

A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typically ductile (can be drawn into wires) and malleable (they can be hammered into thin sheets). These properties are the result of the metallic bond between the ...

Description. The effective atomic number Z eff, (sometimes referred to as the effective nuclear charge) of an atom is the number of protons that an electron in the element effectively 'sees' due to screening by inner-shell electrons.It is a measure of the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons in the atom.

Electronegativity is not a uniquely defined property and may depend on the definition. The suggested values are all taken from WebElements as a consistent set. Many of the highly radioactive elements have values that must be predictions or extrapolations, but are unfortunately not marked as such. This is especially problematic for francium ...