The eurozone crisis resulted from the structural problem of the eurozone and a combination of complex factors. There is a consensus that the root of the eurozone crisis lay in a balance-of-payments crisis(a sudden stop of foreign

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The European debt crisis erupted in the wake of the Great Recession around late 2009, and was characterized by an environment of overly high government structural deficitsand accelerating debt levels. When, as a negative repercussion of the Great Recession,

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EU emergency measures
The table below provides an overview of the financial composition of all bailout programs being initiated for EU member states, since the

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The key policy issue that has to be addressed in the long run is how to harmonise different political-economic institutional set-ups of the

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The European bailouts are largely about shifting exposure from banks and others, who otherwise are lined up for losses on the sovereign debt they have piled up, onto European taxpayers.

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The handling of the crisis has led to the premature end of several European national governments and influenced the outcome of many

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Direct loans to banks and banking regulation
On 28 June 2012 eurozone leaders agreed to permit loans by the European Stability Mechanism to be made directly to stressed banks rather than through eurozone states, to avoid

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