Ferdinand IV of Castile (1285–1312) the Summoned, King of Castile in 1295 and of León in 1301; Ferdinand V of Castile (1452–1516) the Catholic – see Ferdinand II of Aragon; Ferdinand VI of Spain (1713–1759) the Learned, King of Spain in 1746; Ferdinand VII of Spain (1784–1833), twice King of Spain: 1808 and 1813–1833

Ferdinand II of Aragon's marriage to Isabella I of Castile produced seven children, five of whom survived birth and lived to adulthood. They arranged strategic political marriages for all of these children to powerful monarchs and well-connected women. Although several bloodlines were cut short and the rest initially intermarried to form a close-knit group centered around the House of …

Ferdinand I divided his kingdom into five parts, Castile, León, Galicia, Zamora, and Toro, though, in the event his son Sancho the Strong despoiled his brothers and restored the kingdom to unity. But Alonso VII, the Emperor, again separated Castile and León, leaving the former to his son Sancho, and the latter to Ferdinand.

The Classical period: the rise of Rome. In the classical period, Spain was a mix of Celtic and Iberian tribal states, and Greek and Phoenician trading ports, with the largest state being the kingdom of Tartessus.With the eruption of war between Carthage, a Phoenician colony in North Africa and the Greeks, the Carthaginians begin extending their influence in Iberia, creating the …

Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also known as El Africano or the African, was King of Spain from 17 May 1886 to 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year.Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full …

List of ministers from 1808 Napoleonic, Ferdinand VII, and Isabella II. Francisco Gil de Taboada y Lemos (1 March 1808 – 2 June 1808); Antonio de Escaño (15 October 1808 – 10 January 1810); Gabriel Císcar Císcar (31 January 1810 – 1 November 1810); José de Mazarredo y Salazar (2 June 1808 – 29 July 1812); Gonzalo O'Farrill y Herrera (29 July de 1812–27 June de 1813)