WebIn optics, a Gaussian beam is a beam of electromagnetic radiation with high monochromaticity whose amplitude envelope in the transverse plane is given by a Gaussian function; this also implies a Gaussian intensity (irradiance) profile. This fundamental (or TEM 00) transverse Gaussian mode describes the intended output of most (but not all) …

WebBecause of these effects there is a Gaussian beam diameter which maximizes the intensity in the far field. This occurs when the 1 / e 2 {\displaystyle 1/e^{2}} diameter of the Gaussian is 89% of the aperture diameter, and the on axis intensity in the far field will be 81% of that produced by a uniform intensity profile.

WebThe beam width is the single most important characteristic of a laser beam profile. At least five definitions of beam width are in common use: D4σ, 10/90 or 20/80 knife-edge, 1/e 2, FWHM, and D86.The D4σ beam width is the ISO standard definition and the measurement of the M 2 beam quality parameter requires the measurement of the D4σ widths. The …

Webfor arbitrary real constants a, b and non-zero c.It is named after the mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss.The graph of a Gaussian is a characteristic symmetric "bell curve" shape.The parameter a is the height of the curve's peak, b is the position of the center of the peak, and c (the standard deviation, sometimes called the Gaussian RMS width) controls …

WebBeam antenna, or directional antenna, an antenna which radiates or receives greater power in specific directions; Bessel beam, a wave whose amplitude is described by a Bessel function; Blaster beam, a musical instrument; Gaussian beam, a beam of electromagnetic radiation whose amplitude is given by a Gaussian function; Beme (disambiguation)

WebQuantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles.: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Classical physics, the collection …

WebA tractor-beam is a device with the ability to attract one object to another from a distance. The concept originates in fiction: The term was coined by E. E. Smith (an update of his earlier "attractor-beam") in his novel Spacehounds of IPC (1931). Since the 1990s, technology and research has labored to make it a reality, and have had some success on …

WebIn mathematics, a random walk is a random process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space.. An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line which starts at 0, and at each step moves +1 or −1 with equal probability.Other examples include the path traced by a …

WebApodization in signal processing. The term apodization is used frequently in publications on Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) signal processing. An example of apodization is the use of the Hann window in the fast Fourier transform analyzer to smooth the discontinuities at the beginning and end of the sampled time record.. Apodization in digital audio. An …

WebThe beam diameter or beam width of an electromagnetic beam is the diameter along any specified line that is perpendicular to the beam axis and intersects it. Since beams typically do not have sharp edges, the diameter can be defined in many different ways. Five definitions of the beam width are in common use: D4σ, 10/90 or 20/80 knife-edge, 1/e 2, …