Vytautas (c. 1350 – 27 October 1430), also known as Vytautas the Great (Lithuanian: Vytautas Didysis (help · info), Belarusian: Вітаўт, Vitaŭt, Polish: Witold Kiejstutowicz, Witold Aleksander or Witold Wielki Ruthenian: Vitovt, Latin: Alexander Vitoldus, Old German: Wythaws or Wythawt) from the late 14th century onwards, was a ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria.The state was founded by Lithuanians, who were at the time a polytheistic nation born from several united Baltic tribes from Aukštaitija.. The Grand Duchy …

John II Casimir (Polish: Jan II Kazimierz Waza; Lithuanian: Jonas Kazimieras Vaza; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1648 until his abdication in 1668 as well as titular King of Sweden from 1648 until 1660. He was the first son of Sigismund III Vasa with his second wife Constance of Austria.John Casimir succeeded his …

Michael I (Polish: Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, Lithuanian: Mykolas I Kaributas Višnioveckis; 31 May 1640 – 10 November 1673) was the ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 29 September 1669 until his death in 1673.. Michael was chosen partly because of the merit of his father, prince Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, a powerful …

王朝背景 []. 溫莎王朝出自韋廷家族，後來其中一個分支被分封到薩克森-科堡-哥達公國（即今日德國的圖林根州），該分支便自此以國為王朝名。 該分支的數位王子通過婚姻或獲選多國國王，如葡萄牙、比利時和保加利亞國王等。 1840年2月10日，英女王維多利亞和她的表弟薩克森-科堡-哥達 …

Sigismund III Vasa (Polish: Zygmunt III Waza, Lithuanian: Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 to 1599. He was the first Polish sovereign from the House of Vasa.Religiously zealous, he imposed Roman Catholicism across …

Gediminas (Latin: Gedeminne, Gedeminnus; c. 1275 – December 1341) was the king or Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1315 or 1316 until his death. He is credited with founding this political entity and expanding its territory which later spanned the area ranging from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. Also seen as one of the most significant individuals in early Lithuanian history, he was ...

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Cymburgis of Masovia (German: Cimburgis von Masowien), (Lithuanian: Cimbarka Mazovietė), also Zimburgis or Cimburga (Polish: Cymbarka mazowiecka; 1394 or 1397 – 28 September 1429), a member of the Polish Piast dynasty, was Duchess of Austria from 1412 until 1424, by her marriage with the Habsburg duke Ernest the Iron.As the mother of later Emperor Frederick III, …

Sigismund Augustus was born in Kraków on 1 August 1520 to Sigismund I the Old and his wife, Bona Sforza of Milan.His paternal grandparents were Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland, and Elizabeth of Austria.Sigismund's maternal grandparents, Gian Galeazzo Sforza and Isabella of Aragon, daughter of King Alfonso II of Naples, both ruled the Duchy of Milan until Sforza's …