German is the official and predominant spoken language in Germany. It is one of 23 official languages in the European Union, and one of the three working languages of the European Commission, along with English and

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German literature can be traced back to the Middle Ages, with the most notable authors of the period being Walther von der Vogelweide and Wolfram von Eschenbach. The Nibelungenlied, whose author remains unknown, is also an important work of the epoch, as is the

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The rise of the modern natural sciences and the related decline of religion raised a series of questions, which recur throughout German philosophy, concerning the

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German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium with the work of Max Skladanowsky. It was particularly influential during the years of the Weimar Republic with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau.

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Germany's television market is the largest in Europe, with 34,000,000 TV households. The many regional and national public broadcasters are

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Architectural contributions from Germany include the Carolingian and Ottonian styles, important precursors of Romanesque. The region has also produced

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In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world, including Bach and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the

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