The Chinese exonyms of various ethnic groups encountered in Chinese history can be rendered into English either by transliteration or translation; for instance, Dí 狄 is transliterated as Di (or Ti) or translated as "Northern Barbarians".In some cases authors prefer to transliterate specific exonyms as proper nouns, and in other cases to translate generic ones as English "barbarian" …

Graphic pejoratives in written Chinese; Haridwar hate speeches; Hate crime; Hate mail; Holocaust denial. Laws against Holocaust denial; Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred; Insulting Turkishness; List of symbols designated by the Anti-Defamation League as hate symbols; Prejudice; Smear campaign; Social undermining; Stanton's 10 Stages of ...

Graphic pejoratives in written Chinese; Human rights in China; List of Chinese administrative divisions by ethnic group; List of endangered languages in China; List of ethnic groups in China; Minzu University of China, a university in Beijing designated for ethnic minorities. Secession in China; Sinocentrism; Taiwanese indigenous peoples

A transcription into Chinese characters can sometimes be a phono-semantic matching, i.e. it reflects both the sound and the meaning of the transcribed word.For example, "Modern Standard Chinese 声纳 shēngnà "sonar", uses the characters 声 shēng "sound" and 纳 nà "receive, accept".声 shēng is a phonetically imperfect rendering of the English initial syllable.

A pejorative or slur is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or a disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others, or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non …

The Ancient Greek name βάρβαρος (bárbaros) or "barbarian" was an antonym for πολίτης (politēs), "citizen" (from πόλις – polis, "city").The earliest attested form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek ????????????, pa-pa-ro, written in Linear B syllabic script.. The Greeks used the term barbarian for all non-Greek-speaking peoples, including the Egyptians, Persians, Medes ...

Chinese orthography provides opportunities to write ethnic insults logographically; this is known as "graphic pejoratives". This originated in the fact that Chinese characters used to transcribe the names of non-Chinese peoples were graphically pejorative ethnic slurs , where the insult was not the Chinese word but the character used to write it.

Gweilo or gwailou (Chinese: 鬼佬; Cantonese Yale: gwáilóu, pronounced [kʷɐ̌i lǒu] ()) is a common Cantonese slang term for Westerners.In the absence of modifiers, it refers to white people and has a history of racially deprecatory and pejorative use. Cantonese speakers frequently use gwailou to refer to Westerners in general use, in a non-derogatory context, …

The following is a list of ethnic slurs or ethnophaulisms or ethnic epithets that are, or have been, used as insinuations or allegations about members of a given ethnicity or racial group or to refer to them in a derogatory, pejorative, or otherwise insulting manner.. Some of the terms listed below (such as "gringo", "yank", etc.) can be used in casual speech without any intention of causing ...

List of common nouns derived from ethnic group names; List of ethnic slurs and epithets by ethnicity; List of phrases using ethnic or place names as derisive adjectives