During the 19th century, the demand for nitrates and ammonia for use as fertilizers and industrial feedstocks had been steadily increasing. The main source was mining niter deposits and guano from tropical islands. At the … 查看更多內容

The Haber–Bosch process relies on catalysts to accelerate the hydrogenation of N2. The catalysts are "heterogeneous", meaning that they are solids that interact on gaseous … 查看更多內容

Synthesis parameters
The formation of ammonia occurs from nitrogen and hydrogen according to the following equation:
The reaction is an exothermic equilibrium reaction in which the gas volume is reduced. The … 查看更多內容

When first invented, the Haber process competed against another industrial process, the cyanamide process. However, the cyanamide process consumed large amounts of electrical power and was more labor-intensive than the Haber process.
As of 2018, the … 查看更多內容

This conversion is typically conducted at pressures above 10 MPa (100 bar; 1,450 psi) and between 400 and 500 °C (752 and 932 °F), as the gases (nitrogen and hydrogen) are passed over four beds of catalyst, with cooling between each pass for maintaining … 查看更多內容

Elementary steps
The mechanism of ammonia synthesis contains the following seven elementary steps:
1. transport of the reactants from the gas phase through the boundary layer to the surface of the … 查看更多內容

• Other nitrogen fixation processes
• Other contemporary nitrogen sources
• Hydrogen production 查看更多內容