The Jargon File, an influential but not universally accepted compendium of hacker slang, defines hacker as "A person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and stretching their capabilities, as

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The word "hacker" derives from the seventeenth-century word of a "lusty laborer" who harvested fields by dogged and rough swings of his

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Many of the values and tenets of the free and open source software movement stem from the hacker ethics that originated at MITand

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While using hacker to refer to someone who enjoys playful cleverness is most often applied to computer programmers, it is sometimes used for people who apply the same attitude to other

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• Cowboy coding: software development without the use of strict software development methodologies
• Demoscene
• History of free software

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The Jargon File has had a role in acculturating hackers since its origins in 1975. These academic and literary works helped shape the academic hacker subculture:
• Abelson, Hal; Sussman, Gerald Jay. Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs

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• A Brief History of Hackerdom
• Hack, Hackers, and Hacking (see Appendix A)
• Gabriella Coleman: The Anthropology of Hackers The Atlantic, 2010.
• Gabriella Coleman: Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Many Faces of Anonymous at Open Library

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