Pope Innocent XI (Latin: Innocentius XI; Italian: Innocenzo XI; 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689), born Benedetto Odescalchi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 September 1676 to his death on August 12, 1689.. Political and religious tensions with Louis XIV of France were a constant preoccupation for Innocent XI.

Pope Innocent III (Latin: Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1198 to his death in 16 July 1216.. Pope Innocent was one of the most powerful and influential of the medieval popes. He exerted a wide influence over the Christian …

Pope Innocent X (Latin: Innocentius X; Italian: Innocenzo X; 6 May 1574 – 7 January 1655), born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj (or Pamphili), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 September 1644 to his death in January 1655.. Born in Rome of a family from Gubbio in Umbria who had come to Rome during the pontificate of Pope Innocent IX, Pamphili …

Family background. According to his biographer in the Liber Pontificalis, Innocent was a native of Albano Laziale and the son of a man called Innocentius, but his contemporary Jerome referred to him as the son of the previous pope, Anastasius I, probably a unique case of a son succeeding his father in the papacy. According to Urbano Cerri, Pope Innocent was a native of Albania.

Pope Innocent VIII (Latin: Innocentius VIII; Italian: Innocenzo VIII; 1432 – 25 July 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo (or Cibo), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 August 1484 to his death in July 1492. Son of the viceroy of Naples, Battista spent his early years at the Neapolitan court. He became a priest in the retinue of Cardinal Calandrini, …

Pope Innocent II (Latin: Innocentius II; died 24 September 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 February 1130 to his death in 1143. His election as pope was controversial and the first eight years of his reign were marked by a struggle for recognition against the supporters of Anacletus II.

Nome e importância. Segundo a Bíblia, seu nome original não era Pedro, mas Simão.Aparece ainda uma variante do seu nome original, Simão Pedro, no livro dos Atos dos Apóstolos e na II Epístola de Pedro (II Pedro 1:1). No Evangelho de João (), Cristo muda seu nome para כיפא, Kepha (Cefas em português), que em aramaico significa "pedra", "rocha", nome este que foi …

Beato Inocencio XI Papa INNOCENTIUS Undecimus: Benedetto Odescalchi: Como, Ducado de Milán: Se cree que pudo haber colaborado en la financiación de la Revolución Gloriosa, que destronó a Jacobo II y dio el trono de Inglaterra a Guillermo III. 241 6 de octubre de 1689 - 1 de febrero de 1691

João Paulo II (em latim: Ioannes Paulus PP. II; em italiano: Giovanni Paolo II; em polonês/polaco: Jan Paweł II), nascido Karol Józef Wojtyła e, desde 2014, São João Paulo II (Wadowice, 18 de maio de 1920 – Vaticano, 2 de abril de 2005), foi o papa e chefe da Igreja Católica de 16 de outubro de 1978 até a data de sua morte. Teve o terceiro maior pontificado documentado da …

Cristina de Suecia (Estocolmo, 8 de diciembre de 1626-Roma, 19 de abril de 1689) fue reina de Suecia (1632-1654), duquesa de Bremen y princesa de Verden (1648-1654). Hija de Gustavo II Adolfo y de María Leonor de Brandeburgo.Protectora de las artes y mecenas, abdicó del trono de Suecia en 1654. Protestante de nacimiento, se convirtió al catolicismo el año de su abdicación.