"Man of letters"
The term "man of letters" derives from the French term belletristor homme de lettres but is not synonymous with "an academic". A "man of letters" was a literate man, able to read and write, as

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In Latin language, at least starting from the Carolingian Empire, intellectuals could be called litterati, a term which is sometimes applied today.
The word intellectual is

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The term public intellectual describes the intellectual participating in the public-affairs discourse of society, in addition to an academic career. Regardless of the academicfield

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Socially, intellectuals constitute the intelligentsia, a status class organised either by ideology (i.e. conservatism, fascism,

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The French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartrenoted that "the Intellectual is someone who meddles in what does not concern them. (L'intellectuel est quelqu'un qui se mêle de ce qui ne le

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• Aczél, Tamás & Méray, Tibor. (1959) The Revolt of the Mind. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
• Barzun, Jacques(1959). The House of Intellect. New

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Totalitarian governments manipulate and apply anti-intellectualismto repress political dissent. During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and the following dictatorship (1939–1975) of General Francisco Franco, the reactionary repression of the White

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