The ancient Mesopotamian underworld, most often known in Sumerian as Kur, Irkalla, Kukku, Arali, or Kigal and in Akkadian as Erṣetu, although it had many names in both languages, was a dark, dreary cavern located deep below the ground, where inhabitants were believed to continue "a shadowy version of life on earth". The only food or drink was dry dust, but family members of …

In Mesopotamian mythology, Ereshkigal (Sumerian: ???????????????????? D EREŠ. KI. GAL, lit."Queen of the Great Earth") was the goddess of Kur, the land of the dead or underworld in Sumerian mythology.In later myths, she was said to rule Irkalla alongside her husband Nergal.Sometimes her name is given as Irkalla, similar to the way the name Hades was used in Greek mythology …

The underworld, also known as the netherworld or hell, is the supernatural world of the dead in various religious traditions and myths, located below the world of the living. Chthonic is the technical adjective for things of the underworld.. The concept of an underworld is found in almost every civilization and "may be as old as humanity itself".

Name. The conventional writing of Nergal's name changed through history. In the earliest sources, it was written as d KIŠ.UNU, as attested in texts from Shuruppak, Abu Salabikh, Adab and Ebla from the third millennium BCE. The sign GAL was added in the Akkadian period, while in the Old Babylonian period the signs KIŠ and GIR have coalesced, and both were used in …

Etymology. According to the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon, the Hebrew: אבדון ’ăḇadōn is an intensive form of the Semitic root and verb stem אָבַד ’ăḇāḏ "perish", transitive "destroy", which occurs 184 times in the Hebrew Bible.. Judaism Hebrew Bible. The term abaddon appears six times in the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible; abaddon means destruction or "place of ...

The exact location of the Valley of Hinnom is disputed. George Adam Smith wrote in 1907 that there are three possible locations considered by historical writers:. East of the Old City (today identified as Valley of Josaphat); Within the Old City (today identified as the Tyropoeon Valley): Many commentaries give the location as below the southern wall of ancient Jerusalem, …

Niflheim was primarily a realm of primordial ice and cold, with the frozen rivers of Élivágar and the well of Hvergelmir, from which come all the rivers.. According to Gylfaginning, Niflheim was the second of the two primordial realms to emanate out of Ginnungagap, the other one being Muspelheim, the realm of fire.Between these two realms of cold and heat, creation began …

Die ersten Tontafeln mit Fragmenten des Gilgamesch-Epos wurden 1853 von Hormuzd Rassam gefunden. George Smith (1840–1876) übersetzte sie 1872 und gilt daher als der eigentliche Wiederentdecker des Gilgamesch-Epos. Smith übersetzte das Fragment, das sich mit der Überflutung der Erde beschäftigte und sehr große Ähnlichkeiten zum Bericht der Sintflut im …

In mythology, the Greek underworld is a distinct realm (one of the three realms that makes up the cosmos) where an individual goes after death. The earliest idea of afterlife in Greek myth is that, at the moment of death, an individual's essence (psyche) is separated from the corpse and is transported to the underworld. In early mythology (e.g., Homer's Iliad and Odyssey) the dead …

Mictlan (Nahuatl pronunciation: [ˈmikt͡ɬaːn]) is the underworld of Aztec mythology.Most people who die would travel to Mictlan, although other possibilities exist. (see "Other destinations", below).Mictlan consists of nine distinct levels. The journey from the first level to the ninth is difficult and takes four years, but the dead are aided by the psychopomp, Xolotl.