There were several proposals for a Jewish state in the course of Jewish history between the destruction of ancient Israel and the founding of the modern State of Israel.While some of those have come into existence, others were never implemented. The Jewish national homeland usually refers to the State of Israel or the Land of Israel, depending on political and religious beliefs.

Head of state or government Title Country In office from In office until Born in Jewish origin Joseph Nasi: Duke of Naxos Duchy of the Archipelago: 1566 1579 Kingdom of Portugal: Portuguese Sephardi: Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva: Governor of the New Kingdom of León New Kingdom of León: 1580 1588 Mogadouro, Kingdom of Portugal: Jewish ...