Early Nazi persecutions
In the 1920s, most German Jews were fully integrated into German society as German citizens. They served in the German army and navy and contributed to every field of … 查看更多內容

The former German Kaiser Wilhelm II commented "For the first time, I am ashamed to be German."
Göring, who was in favor of expropriating the property of the Jews rather than destroying it as had happened in the pogrom, directly … 查看更多內容

Kristallnacht changed the nature of Nazi Germany's persecution of the Jews from economic, political, and social exclusion to physical … 查看更多內容

Five decades later, 9 November's association with the anniversary of Kristallnacht was cited as the main reason as to why … 查看更多內容

Death of Ernst vom Rath
Ernst vom Rath died of his wounds on 9 November 1938. Word of his death reached Hitler that evening while he was with several key members of the Nazi party at a dinner commemorating the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. … 查看更多內容

In Germany
The reaction of non-Jewish Germans to Kristallnacht was varied. Many spectators gathered on the scenes, most of them in silence. The local fire departments confined themselves to prevent the flames from spreading … 查看更多內容

• Aktionsjuden
• Nathan Israel Department Store
• Spandau Synagogue
• November 9 in German history 查看更多內容