Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th to 18th centuries).. The first known Polish ruler is Duke Mieszko I, who adopted Christianity under the authority of Rome in the year 966.

This is a list that encompasses and includes all reigning leaders/rulers in the history of Ukraine.. This page includes the titles of the Grand Prince of Kyiv, Grand Prince of Chernigov, Grand Prince of Pereyaslavl, Grand Prince of Galicia–Volhynia, Hetman of Ukraine and President of Ukraine.The following list begins with the leaders who ruled over the territory of Ukraine during …

This list of genocides by death toll includes estimates of all deaths which were directly or indirectly caused by genocide, as it is defined by the UN Convention on Genocide. A broader list of genocides, ethnic cleansing and related mass persecution is available. Genocides in history include cases where there is less consensus among scholars as to whether they constituted …

In video games, Elden Ring wins Game of the Year at The Game Awards. American basketball player Brittney Griner and Russian arms dealer Viktor Bout (pictured) are freed via a prisoner exchange.; In Germany, 25 members of a far-right group are arrested in connection with a coup d'état plot.; Albert Rösti and Élisabeth Baume-Schneider are elected to the Federal Council, …

This list of rulers of Estonia starts with the ancient counties (maakond) and parishes (kihelkond) each headed by Seniores and Meliores (Elders) as noted by Henry of Livonia.The administrative jurisdiction of the parish and county elders was limited, the counties themselves remained autonomous until the Teutonic and Danish conquest of Estonia in the 13th century.

The new dukes replaced the Saxon horse emblem and introduced their Ascanian family colours and emblem added by a bendwise crancelin, symbolising the Saxon ducal crown, as new coat-of-arms of Saxony ().The later rulers of the House of Wettin adopted the Ascanian coat-of-arms.. After the division, the counting of the dukes started anew. Though the first Ascanian duke is …

This page is a list of lists of lists—a list of pages that are lists of other list articles. Each of the pages linked here is an index to multiple lists on a topic. ... Lists of Polish films; Lists of Portuguese films; Lists of Soviet films; Lists of Spanish films; ... Lists of rulers of Djibouti; Lists of rulers of Ethiopia; Lists of rulers ...

This is the list of rulers of Ancient Rus', the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, the Russian Republic, the Soviet Union, and the modern Russian Federation.It does not include regents, acting rulers, rulers of the separatist states in the territory of Russia, persons who applied for the post of ruler, but did not join it, rebel leaders who do not control the capital, and the nominal …

This is a list of cultural heritage sites that have been damaged or destroyed accidentally, deliberately, or by a natural disaster, sorted by continent, then by country.. Cultural heritage can be subdivided into two main types—tangible and intangible heritage.The former includes built heritage such as religious buildings, museums, monuments, archaeological sites, and movable …

Natchez rulers: 700 –1730 CE The Natchez were a theocracy ruled by "The Great Sun." This ruler has sometimes been deemed a God-king. ... (for "mother", he used the Polish word "mateczka" which is a diminutive and a title held by Maria Franciszka). L. L. Zamenhof: 20th century–present Considered a god by members of the Oomoto religion.