The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Third Assessment Report (TAR) of 2001 described the areas that were affected:
Evidence from mountain glaciers does suggest increased

Europe
The Baltic Sea froze over twice, in 1303 and 1306–1307, and years followed of "unseasonable cold, storms and rains, and a rise in the level of the Caspian Sea.” The Little Ice Age brought colder winters to parts of

Scientists have tentatively identified seven possible causes of the Little Ice Age: orbital cycles, decreased solar activity, increased volcanic activity, altered ocean current flows, fluctuations in the human population in different parts of the world causing

• Fagan, Brian M. (2001). The Little Ice Age: How Climate Made History, 1300–1850. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02272-4.
• Parker, Geoffrey (2013). Global Crisis: War, Climate Change and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.

There is no consensus on when the Little Ice Age began, but a series of events before the known climatic minima has often been referenced. In

The Central England Temperature (CET) is the longest instrumental temperature record in existence anywhere in the world, and extends back continuously from the present day to 1659.

• 1500-year climate cycle
• 8.2 kiloyear event
• Historical climatology
• Late Antique Little Ice Age
• Paleoclimatology – Study of changes in ancient climate