WebA Chemotroph is an organism that obtains energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. These molecules can be organic (chemoorganotrophs) or inorganic (chemolithotrophs).The chemotroph designation is in contrast to phototrophs, which use photons.Chemotrophs can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic.Chemotrophs can be …

WebMarine invertebrates are the invertebrates that live in marine habitats.Invertebrate is a blanket term that includes all animals apart from the vertebrate members of the chordate phylum. Invertebrates lack a vertebral column, and some have evolved a shell or a hard exoskeleton.As on land and in the air, marine invertebrates have a large variety of body …

WebAn endosymbiont or endobiont is any organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism most often, though not always, in a mutualistic relationship. (The term endosymbiosis is from the Greek: ἔνδον endon "within", σύν syn "together" and βίωσις biosis "living".) Examples are nitrogen-fixing bacteria (called rhizobia), which live in the root …

WebPhototrophs (from Ancient Greek φῶς, φωτός (phôs, phōtós) 'light', and τροφή (trophḗ) 'nourishment') are organisms that carry out photon capture to produce complex organic compounds (e.g. carbohydrates) and acquire energy.They use the energy from light to carry out various cellular metabolic processes. It is a common misconception that phototrophs …

WebPhytoplankton obtain energy through the process of photosynthesis and must therefore live in the well-lit surface layer (termed the euphotic zone) of an ocean, sea, lake, or other body of water.Phytoplankton account for about half of all photosynthetic activity on Earth. Their cumulative energy fixation in carbon compounds (primary production) is the basis for the …

WebThe pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean, and can be further divided into regions by depth (as illustrated on the right). The word pelagic is derived from Ancient Greek πέλαγος (pélagos) 'open sea'. The pelagic zone can be thought of as an imaginary cylinder or water column between the surface of the sea and the bottom. …

WebMetagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental or clinical samples. The broad field may also be referred to as environmental genomics, ecogenomics, community genomics or microbiomics.. While traditional microbiology and microbial genome sequencing and genomics rely upon cultivated clonal cultures, early …

WebA stream bed or streambed is the bottom of a stream or river or the physical confine of the normal water flow ().The lateral confines or channel margins are known as the stream banks or river banks, during all but flood stage.Under certain conditions a river can branch from one stream bed to multiple stream beds. A flood occurs when a stream overflows its …

WebMarine conservation, also known as ocean conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas through planned management in order to prevent the over-exploitation of these marine resources.Marine conservation is informed by the study of marine plants and animal resources and ecosystem functions and is driven by …

WebNitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate occurring through separate organisms or direct ammonia oxidation to nitrate in comammox bacteria. The transformation of ammonia to nitrite is usually the rate limiting step of nitrification. Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil.