Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld (18 November 1832, Helsinki, Finland – 12 August 1901, Dalbyö in Södermanland, Sweden) was a Finland-Swedish aristocrat, geologist, mineralogist and Arctic explorer.He was a member of the Fenno-Swedish Nordenskiöld family of scientists and held the title of a friherre (baron).. Born in the Grand Duchy of Finland at the time it was a part of the …

Magnesium sulfate or magnesium sulphate (in English-speaking countries other than the US) is a chemical compound, a salt with the formula MgSO 4, consisting of magnesium cations Mg 2+ (20.19% by mass) and sulfate anions SO 2− 4.It is a white crystalline solid, soluble in water but not in ethanol.. Magnesium sulfate is usually encountered in the form of a hydrate MgSO 4 …

Cleavage, in mineralogy and materials science, is the tendency of crystalline materials to split along definite crystallographic structural planes. These planes of relative weakness are a result of the regular locations of atoms and ions in the crystal, which create smooth repeating surfaces that are visible both in the microscope and to the naked eye. If bonds in certain directions are …

Oxyhydrogen is a mixture of hydrogen (H 2) and oxygen (O 2) gases.This gaseous mixture is used for torches to process refractory materials and was the first gaseous mixture used for welding.Theoretically, a ratio of 2:1 hydrogen:oxygen is enough to achieve maximum efficiency; in practice a ratio 4:1 or 5:1 is needed to avoid an oxidizing flame.. This mixture may also be …

The Mohs scale of mineral hardness (/ m oʊ z /) is a qualitative ordinal scale, from 1 to 10, characterizing scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.. The scale was introduced in 1812 by the German geologist and mineralogist Friedrich Mohs, in his book "Versuch einer Elementar-Methode zur …

Jonathan "Jack" Stanley Hodgins IV, Ph.D. is a character in the American television series, Bones.He is portrayed by T. J. Thyne.Hodgins is introduced to the series primarily as a forensic entomologist, as well as a botanist, mineralogist, a forensic palynologist, and a forensic chemist; His Hobby are conspiracy theories.During an investigation, he is primarily responsible for …

Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts.Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization.

Perovskite (pronunciation: / p ə ˈ r ɒ v s k aɪ t /) is a calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (chemical formula Ca Ti O 3).Its name is also applied to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as CaTiO 3 (XII A 2+ VI B 4+ X 2− 3), known as the perovskite structure. Many different cations can be embedded in this structure, allowing the ...

Clinoptilolite is a natural zeolite composed of a microporous arrangement of silica and alumina tetrahedra. It has the complex formula (Na,K,Ca) 2–3 Al 3 (Al,Si) 2 Si 13 O 36 •12H 2 O.It forms as white, green to reddish tabular monoclinic tectosilicate crystals with a Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4 and a specific gravity of 2.1 to 2.2. It commonly occurs as a devitrification product of volcanic ...

The intrusion of granite into the surrounding sedimentary rocks gave rise to extensive metamorphism and mineralisation. As a result, Cornwall was one of the most important mining areas in Europe until the early 20th century. It is thought that tin ore (cassiterite) was mined in Cornwall as early as the Bronze Age.[citation needed] Over the years, many other metals (e.g. …