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    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights

    Legal rights are those bestowed onto a person by a given legal system (they can be modified, repealed, and restrained by human laws). The concept of positive law is related to the concept of legal rights. Natural law first appeared in ancient Greek philosophy, [2] and was referred to by Roman philosopher … 查看更多內容

    Some philosophers distinguish two types of rights, natural rights and legal rights.
    • Natural rights are those that are not dependent on the laws or customs of any particular culture or government, and so are universal, 查看更多內容

    The idea that certain rights are natural or inalienable also has a history dating back at least to the Stoics of late Antiquity, through Catholic law of the early Middle Ages, and descending through the Protestant Reformation and the Age of Enlightenment to … 查看更多內容

    • Ellerman, David, Neo-Abolitionism: Abolishing Human Rentals in Favor of Workplace Democracy, SpringerNature, 2021 ISBN 978-3-030-62676-1
    • Grotius, Hugo, The Rights Of War And Peace: Three Volume Set, 1625 查看更多內容

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  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rights_of_nature

    Rights of nature or Earth rights is a legal and jurisprudential theory that describes inherent rights as associated with ecosystems and species, similar to the concept of fundamental human rights. The rights of nature concept challenges twentieth-century laws as generally grounded in a flawed frame of nature as "resource" to be owned, used, and degraded. Proponents argue that laws grounded in rights of nature direct humanity to act appropriately and in a way consistent with mo…

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    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural-rights_libertarianism
      • Some deontological libertarians such as Ayn Rand advocate a minimal government to protect individuals from any violation of their rights and to prosecute those who initiate force against others. Others such as Murray Rothbard advocate the abolition of the state as they see the state as being an institutionalized initiation of force due to taxation....
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      • Natural rights and legal rights - Simple English Wikipedia, the free …

        https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights

        網頁Natural rights are rights that believe it is important for all humans and animals to have. These rights are often called "inalienable", meaning they can never be taken away. The …

      • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Law_and_Natural_Rights
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        Finnis critiques a number of authors and philosophical traditions, thereby offering polemical support for his conception of Natural Law. An illustration of this (by no means exhaustive) follows below. 1. Consequentialism (and utilitarianism). Finnis argues that consequentialist arguments are frustrated by the impossibility o…
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        • 作者: John M. Finnis
        • 頁數: 500 (2011, 2nd edition)
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        What are natural rights?
        Natural rights are those that are not dependent on the laws or customs of any particular culture or government, and so are universal, fundamental and inalienable (they cannot be repealed by human laws, though one can forfeit their enjoyment through one's actions, such as by violating someone else's rights). Natural law is the law of natural rights.
        en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights
        What is the first book about natural law and natural rights?
        Natural Law and Natural Rights (1980; second edition 2011) is a book about natural law and natural rights by the philosopher John Finnis. The book was first published by Oxford University Press . This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2019)
        en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Law_and_Natural_Rights
        What are human rights theories?
        Other theories hold that human rights codify moral behavior which is a human social product developed by a process of biological and social evolution (associated with Hume). Human rights are also described as a sociological pattern of rule setting (as in the sociological theory of law and the work of Weber).
        en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights
        What is modern natural law theory?
        Modern natural law theories took shape in the Age of Enlightenment, combining inspiration from Roman law, Christian scholastic philosophy, and contemporary concepts such as social contract theory.
        en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Law
      • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights

        網頁Human rights are moral principles or norms [1] for certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected in municipal and international law. [2] [citation not found] They are commonly understood as …

      • https://examples.yourdictionary.com/what-are-natural-rights-concept-key-examples

        網頁Natural rights refer to the rights given to all humans, simply for the sake of being human. They are universal moral principles among all cultures and societies and can't be …

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      • John Locke’s Natural Rights Theory: A Foundation for Modern …

        https://politicalscienceblog.com/john-lockes-natural-rights-theory

        網頁2023年1月1日 · Natural rights theory is a philosophical approach that holds that certain rights, such as life, liberty, and property, are inherent to all human beings and are not …

      • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_law

        網頁Natural law [1] ( Latin: ius naturale, lex naturalis) is a system of law based on a close observation of human nature, and based on values intrinsic to human nature that can be deduced and applied independently of positive …

      • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rights

        網頁Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social …



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