The concept of open data is not new, but a formalized definition is relatively new. Conceptually, open data as a phenomenon denotes that governmental data should be available to anyone with a possibility of redistribution in any form

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Open data can come from any source. This section lists some of the fields that publish (or at least discuss publishing) a large amount of open data.
In science
The concept of open access to scientific data was institutionally

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At a micro level, a business or research organization's policies and strategies towards open data will vary, sometimes greatly. However, one common strategy employed is the use of a

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The debate on open data is still evolving. The best open government applications seek to empower citizens, to help small businesses,

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Ideas and definitions
Formally both the definition of Open Data and commons revolve around the concept of shared resources with a

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Several funding bodies which mandate Open Access also mandate Open Data. A good expression of requirements (truncated in places) is

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The goals of the Open Data movement are similar to those of other "Open" movements.
• Open accessis concerned with making scholarly publications

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