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    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire

    The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. At its height, the Ottoman Empire spanned an area from Hungary in the north … 查看更多內容

    The sultan was also referred to as the Padishah (Ottoman Turkish: پادشاه, romanized: pâdişâh, French: Padichah). In Ottoman usage the word "Padisha" was usually used except "sultan" was used when he was … 查看更多內容

    The table below lists Ottoman sultans, as well as the last Ottoman caliph, in chronological order. The tughras were the calligraphic seals or signatures used by Ottoman sultans. They were displayed on all official documents as well as on coins, and were far … 查看更多內容

    • Aşiroğlu, Orhan Gâzi (1992). Son halife, Abdülmecid. Tarihin şahitleri dizisi (in Turkish). Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. ISBN 978-9757645177 查看更多內容

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    The Ottoman Empire was an absolute monarchy during much of its existence. By the second half of the fifteenth century, the sultan sat at the apex of a hierarchical system and acted in political, military, judicial, social, and religious capacities under a variety … 查看更多內容

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  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty

    As the Rum Sultanate declined well into the 13th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent Turkish principalities known as the Anatolian Beyliks. One of these beyliks, in the region of Bithynia on the frontier of the Byzantine Empire, was led by the Turkish tribal leader Osman I (d. 1323/4), a figure of obscure origins from whom the name Ottoman is derived. Osman's early follo…

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  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire
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    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
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      Ibrahim was born on 5 November 1615, the son of Sultan Ahmed I and his Haseki Sultan and perphaps legal wife, Kösem Sultan. When Ibrahim was 2, his father suddenly died, and Ibrahim's uncle Mustafa I became the new sultan. By that time, Kosem Sultan and her children, including young Ibrahim had been sent to the Ol…
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    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mothers_of_the_Ottoman_sultans

      網頁34 列 · Valide Sultan was the title of the mother of the reigning sultan. The mothers who …

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        Who were the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire?The sultans of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish: Osmanlı padişahları ), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.
        en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_sultans_of_the_ottoman_em…
        Who was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire in 1640s?Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire. Ibrahim (/ˌɪbrəˈhiːm/; Ottoman Turkish: ابراهيم‎; Turkish: İbrahim; 5 November 1615 – 18 August 1648) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1640 until 1648.
        en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
        What was the official title of the Ottoman Empire?Western tradition knows the Ottoman ruler as "sultan", but Ottomans themselves used "padişah" (emperor) or "hünkar" to refer to their ruler. The emperor's formal title consisted of "sultan" together with "khan" (for example, Sultan Suleiman Khan).
        en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan
        What is the Ottoman dynasty?The Ottoman dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922. The dynasty began with Osman I, but it was not recognized until 1383 when Murad I declared himself sultan. The dynasty might have been known as Söğüt before 1383, but it was later renamed Osmanlı ( Ottoman in English) in honor of Osman I.
        simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Dynasty
      • List of Ottoman imperial consorts - Wikipedia

        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_imperial_consorts

        網頁This is a list of Consorts of the Ottoman sultans, the wives and concubines of the monarchs of the Ottoman Empire who ruled over the transcontinental empire from its inception in …

      • https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Dynasty

        網頁The Ottoman dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922. The dynasty began with Osman I, but it was not recognized until 1383 when …

      • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_II

        網頁Mehmed, pronounced [icinˈdʒi ˈmehmed]; 30 March 1432 – 3 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (Ottoman Turkish: ابو الفتح, romanized: Ebū'l-fetḥ, lit. 'the …

      • Ottoman family tree - Wikipedia

        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_family_tree

        網頁Severe Stagnation and Retrogression Era in the Ottoman Empire (1792–1827) Selim III (1789-1807) Mustafa IV (1807-1808) Mahmud II (1808-1839) Decline Period I: Reforms Improvements (Islâhat) Era (1827–1839.

      • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan

        網頁Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV attended by a eunuch and two pages. These are generally secondary titles, either lofty 'poetry' or with a message, e.g.: Mani Sultan – Manney Sultan (meaning the "Pearl of Rulers" or …



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