ottoman sultan wikipedia - EAS
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The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. At its height, the Ottoman Empire spanned an area from Hungary in the north … 查看更多內容
The sultan was also referred to as the Padishah (Ottoman Turkish: پادشاه, romanized: pâdişâh, French: Padichah). In Ottoman usage the word "Padisha" was usually used except "sultan" was used when he was … 查看更多內容
• Aşiroğlu, Orhan Gâzi (1992). Son halife, Abdülmecid. Tarihin şahitleri dizisi (in Turkish). Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. ISBN 978-9757645177 查看更多內容
The Ottoman Empire was an absolute monarchy during much of its existence. By the second half of the fifteenth century, the sultan sat at the apex of a hierarchical system and acted in political, military, judicial, social, and religious capacities under a variety … 查看更多內容
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_family_tree網頁Severe Stagnation and Retrogression Era in the Ottoman Empire (1792–1827) Selim III (1789-1807) Mustafa IV (1807-1808) Mahmud II (1808-1839) Decline Period I: Reforms Improvements (Islâhat) Era (1827–1839.
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網頁Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV attended by a eunuch and two pages. These are generally secondary titles, either lofty 'poetry' or with a message, e.g.: Mani Sultan – Manney Sultan (meaning the "Pearl of Rulers" or …