As of 2003, Venezuela had 77.5 billion barrels (1.232×10 m ) of conventional oil reserves according to PDVSA figures, the largest in the Western Hemisphere and making up approximately half the total. This puts Venezuela as

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In 2002, many PDVSA employees went on strike against the policies of Chávez, who in response fired over 19,000 workers from the company. As of

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1970s: nationalization
Under the presidency of Carlos Andrés Pérez, whose economic plan, "La Gran Venezuela", called for the

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PDVSA bought 50% of the United States gasoline brand Citgo from Southland Corporation in 1986 and the remaining half in 1990. With full

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Board of Directors
• Nelson Ferrer – Vice President of Exploration and Production and Internal Director

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• Citgo Petroleum Corporation, United States – Citgo is 100% owned by PDVSA.
• Nynäs Petroleum, Sweden – PDVSA owns a 50% stake with Finland's

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There have been worsening safety problems since 2003, culminating in a gas leak at the Paraguaná Refinery Complex in August 2012 which

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