The term Pahlavi is said to be derived from the Parthian language word parthav or parthau, meaning Parthia, a region just east of the Caspian Sea, with the -i suffix denoting the language and people of that region. If this etymology is

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The earliest attested use of Pahlavi dates to the reign of Arsaces I of Parthia (250 BC) in early Parthian coins with Pahlavi scripts. There are also several Pahlavi texts written during the reign of Mithridates I(r. 171–138 BC). The cellars of the treasury at Mithradatkird (near

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The Pahlavi script is one of the two essential characteristics of the Pahlavi system (see above). Its origin and development occurred independently of the various

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From a formal historical and linguistic point of view, the Pahlavi script does not have a one-to-one correspondence with any Middle Iranian language: none was written in Pahlavi exclusively, and inversely, the Pahlavi script was used for more than one language.

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• Andreas, Friedrich Carl (1910), "Bruchstücke einer Pehlewi-Übersetzung der Psalmen aus der Sassanidenzeit", Sitzungsberichte der

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Language and literature
• Pahlavi, Farvardyn, archived from the originalon 2007-01-26, retrieved 2007-01-22. Includes extracts from

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• Imperial Aramaic
• Middle Iranian languages
• Manichaean alphabet

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