A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number.For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, 1 × 5 or 5 × 1, involve 5 itself.However, 4 is composite because it is a product (2 × 2) in which both numbers …

In number theory, integer factorization is the decomposition of a composite number into a product of smaller integers. If these factors are further restricted to prime numbers, the process is called prime factorization.. When the numbers are sufficiently large, no efficient, non-quantum integer factorization algorithm is known. However, it has not been proven that no efficient …