A basic PCB consists of a flat sheet of insulating material and a layer of copper foil, laminated to the substrate. Chemical etching divides the copper into separate conducting lines called tracks or circuit traces, pads for

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Through-hole technology
The first PCBs used through-hole technology, mounting electronic components by

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Initially PCBs were designed manually by creating a photomask on a clear mylarsheet, usually at two or four times the true size. Starting from the

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Cordwood construction can save significant space and was often used with wire-ended componentsin applications where space was at a

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Multiwire is a patented technique of interconnection which uses machine-routed insulated wires embedded in a non-conducting matrix (often

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Before the development of printed circuit boards, electrical and electronic circuits were wired point-to-pointon a chassis. Typically, the chassis was a sheet metal frame or pan, sometimes with a wooden bottom. Components were attached to the chassis, usually by

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PCB manufacturing consists of many steps.
PCB CAM
Manufacturing starts from the fabrication data generated by computer aided design, and component information. The fabrication data is read

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