Productivity is the efficiency of production of goods or services expressed by some measure. Measurements of productivity are often expressed as a ratio of an aggregate output to a single input or an aggregate input used in a production process, i.e. output per unit of input, typically over a specific period of time. The most common example is the (aggregate) labour productivity …

Agricultural productivity is measured as the ratio of agricultural outputs to inputs. While individual products are usually measured by weight, which is known as crop yield, varying products make measuring overall agricultural output difficult.Therefore, agricultural productivity is usually measured as the market value of the final output. This productivity can be compared …

In this chapter, the committee considers the current state of (1) productivity growth, (2) employment, and (3) income distribution. In each case, the role of technology is considered, recent changes are summarized, and some potential future developments are considered, building on the discussion in Chapter 2 of current and possible future trends in underlying …