Tartaric acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in bananas, tamarinds, and citrus. Its salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of fermentation.It is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as baking powder used as a leavening agent in food …

Some drug molecules are chiral, and the enantiomers have different effects on biological entities. They can be sold as one enantiomer or as a racemic mixture. Examples include thalidomide, ibuprofen, cetirizine and salbutamol.A well known drug that has different effects depending on its ratio of enantiomers is amphetamine. Adderall is an unequal mixture of both amphetamine …

Aspartic acid (symbol Asp or D; the ionic form is known as aspartate), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Like all other amino acids, it contains an amino group and a carboxylic acid. Its α-amino group is in the protonated –NH + 3 form under physiological conditions, while its α-carboxylic acid group is deprotonated −COO − under physiological …

Lipoic acid (LA), also known as α-lipoic acid, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and thioctic acid, is an organosulfur compound derived from caprylic acid (octanoic acid). ALA is made in animals normally, and is essential for aerobic metabolism.It is also manufactured and is available as a dietary supplement in some countries where it is marketed as an antioxidant, and is available …

Industrial applications Feed additives. 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyric acid is produced commercially as a racemic mixture to substitute for methionine in animal feed. In nature, the same compound is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionate, precursor to natural dimethyl sulfide.. Lactide-based polymers

Apart from lactic acid and lactide, lactic acid O-carboxyanhydride ("lac-OCA"), a five-membered cyclic compound has been used academically as well. This compound is more reactive than lactide, because its polymerization is driven by the loss of one equivalent of carbon dioxide per equivalent of lactic acid. Water is not a co-product.

Amphetamine (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.Amphetamine was discovered in 1887 and exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Amphetamine properly refers to a specific …

Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid with the molecular formula C 6 H 5 CH(OH)CO 2 H. ... The molecule is chiral. The racemic mixture is known as paramandelic acid. Isolation, synthesis, occurrence. Mandelic acid was discovered …

Discovery. Their discovery was in the 1950s. "Auclair and Patton (1950) first reported their presence in the blood of insects and mollusks" Furthermore, they also have been identified in various mammalian tissues. The two major types of D-amino acids synthesized in and by mammals are D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) and D-serine (D-Ser).

In chemistry, a molecule or ion is called chiral (/ ˈ k aɪ r əl /) if it cannot be superposed on its mirror image by any combination of rotations, translations, and some conformational changes. This geometric property is called chirality (/ k aɪ ˈ r æ l ɪ t i /). The terms are derived from Ancient Greek χείρ (cheir) 'hand'; which is the canonical example of an object with this property.