The Commonwealth was the political structure during the period from 1649 to 1660 when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, were governed as a republic after the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I.The republic's existence was declared through "An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth", adopted by the Rump …

The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was a partially annexed territory of Nazi Germany established on 16 March 1939 following the German occupation of the Czech lands on 15 March 1939. Earlier, following the Munich Agreement of September 1938, Germany had incorporated the Czech Sudetenland territory as a Reichskommissariat, which then became a Reichsgau …