The Gutian dynasty, also Kuti or Kutians (Sumerian: ????????????????, gu-ti-um KI) was a dynasty, originating among the Gutian people, that came to power in Mesopotamia c. 2199—2119 BC (), or possibly c. 2135—2055 BC (), after displacing the Akkadian Empire.It ruled for roughly one century; however, some copies of the Sumerian King List (SKL) vary between 4 and 25 years.

Darius I (Old Persian: ???????????????????????????? Dārayavaʰuš; Greek: Δαρεῖος Dareios; c. 550 – 486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was a Persian ruler who served as the third King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his death in 486 BCE.He ruled the empire at its territorial peak, when it included much of Western Asia, parts of the Balkans ...

Ardashir I (Middle Persian: ????????????????????????????, Modern Persian: اردشیر بابکان, Ardašir Bābakān), also known as Ardashir the Unifier (180–242 AD), was the founder of the Sasanian Empire.He was also Ardashir V of the Kings of Persis, until he founded the new empire.After defeating the last Parthian shahanshah Artabanus IV on the Hormozdgan plain in 224, he overthrew ...

The Early Dynastic period (abbreviated ED period or ED) is an archaeological culture in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) that is generally dated to c. 2900–2350 BC and was preceded by the Uruk and Jemdet Nasr periods. It saw the development of writing and the formation of the first cities and states.The ED itself was characterized by the existence of multiple city-states: small …

Susa III (3100–2700 BC) is also known as the 'Proto-Elamite' period. At this time, Banesh period pottery is predominant. ... He renamed it Eran-Khwarrah-Shapur ("Iran's glory [built by] Shapur"). Islamic period. During the Muslim conquest of Persia an Arab army invaded Khuzistan under the command of Abu Musa al-Ash'ari.

Bahram I (also spelled Wahram I or Warahran I; Middle Persian: ????????????????????????) was the fourth Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 271 to 274. He was the eldest son of Shapur I (r. 240–270) and succeeded his brother Hormizd I (r. 270–271), who had reigned for a year.. Bahram I's reign marked the end of the Sasanian tolerance towards Manichaeism, and in 274, with the support …

Context. The Egyptians and Kushites had begun agitating peoples within the Assyrian empire in an attempt to gain a foothold in the region. As a result, in 701 BCE, Hezekiah of Judah, Lule king of Sidon, Sidka, king of Ascalon and the king of Ekron formed an alliance with Egypt against Assyria. The Neo-Assyrian ruler Sennacherib (705–681 BC) attacked the rebels, conquering …

Elam (/ ˈ iː l ə m /; Linear Elamite: hatamti; Cuneiform Elamite: ???????????????????? ḫalatamti; Sumerian: ???????? elam; Akkadian: ???????????? elamtu; Hebrew: עֵילָם ʿēlām; Old Persian: ???????????? hūja) was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a ...

History. The exact time of construction is not known with certainty. Some historians believe the founder is Shapur I who ruled Iran from 242 to 272 AD and some other believe that construction possibly began during the reign of Anushiruwan the Just (Khosrow I) after a campaign against the Byzantines in 540 AD. The arched iwan hall, open on the facade side, was about 37 meters …

Marco Antonio Gordiano Pio, meglio noto come Gordiano III (in latino: Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius; Roma, 20 gennaio 225 – Circesium, 11 febbraio 244), è stato imperatore romano dal 238 alla sua morte, avvenuta durante una campagna militare in Oriente contro i Sasanidi.A causa della sua giovane età (salì al trono a tredici anni e regnò fino a diciannove), il governo …