External intervention in internal affairs
Navarre had been mired in instability over the throne since the mid-15th century, with Navarre's nobility splitting into two warring factions in the War of the Bands, i.e. the Beaumonts; and the

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Invasion of Navarre
In June 1512, tension mounted when the Holy League made a formal petition to send English and Castilian

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Legal claims
Ferdinand wished to present his military intervention as legally justified. He commissioned a report by the legal specialists

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New hopes for a young generation
In 1520 and 1521, Castile was distracted by the Revolt of the Comuneros. The Crown of Aragonwas also suffering economic difficulties as a

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Franco-Navarrese expeditions over the coast and north Navarre
With the defeat at Noain still fresh in their memories, Kings Henry II of Navarre and Francis I of France allied again to strike back. This time on the northern fringes of Navarre—probably

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Institutional takeover during occupation
The successive pardons decreed by Charles V were intended to help integrate Navarre into Habsburg Spain. A series of pardons to clergy who had sided with the Navarrese monarchs were also decreed, with the first just after the

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Reconquest opportunity on Ferdinand's death
By 1516 Ferdinand was dead and his sixteen-year-old grandson by Isabella, Charles of Austria,

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