The term systems engineering can be traced back to Bell Telephone Laboratories in the 1940s. The need to identify and manipulate the properties of a system as a whole, which in complex engineering projects may greatly differ

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Systems engineering signifies only an approach and, more recently, a discipline in engineering. The aim of education in systems engineering is to formalize various approaches simply and in doing so, identify new methods and research opportunities similar to

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Education in systems engineering is often seen as an extension to the regular engineering courses, reflecting the industry attitude that engineering students need a foundational background in one of the traditional engineering disciplines (e.g., aerospace engineering

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Systems engineering tools are strategies, procedures, and techniques that aid in performing systems engineering on a project or

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• Arcadia (engineering)
• Control engineering
• Design review (U.S. government)

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• Blockley, D. Godfrey, P. Doing it Differently: Systems for Rethinking Infrastructure, Second Edition, ICE Publications, London,

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Many related fields may be considered tightly coupled to systems engineering. The following areas have contributed to the development of systems engineering as a distinct entity:
Cognitive systems engineering Cognitive systems engineering

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