The history of Saudi Arabia as a nation state began with the emergence of the Al Saud dynasty in central Arabia in 1744 and the subsequent establishment of the Emirate of Diriyah. Pre-Islamic Arabia, the territory that constitutes modern Saudi Arabia, was the site of several ancient cultures and civilizations; the prehistory of Saudi Arabia shows some of the earliest traces of human …

A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (pronounced / ˈ eɪ /), plural aes. It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar.

Pre-Islamic Arabia (Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية قبل الإسلام) refers to the Arabian Peninsula prior to the emergence of Islam in 610 CE.. Some of the settled communities developed into distinctive civilizations.Information about these communities is limited and has been pieced together from archaeological evidence, accounts written outside of Arabia, and Arab oral ...

Arabia Petraea or Petrea, also known as Rome's Arabian Province (Latin: Provincia Arabia; Arabic: العربية البترائية; Ancient Greek: Ἐπαρχία Πετραίας Ἀραβίας) or simply Arabia, was a frontier province of the Roman Empire beginning in the 2nd century. It consisted of the former Nabataean Kingdom in Jordan, southern Levant, the Sinai Peninsula and ...

The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste.It has its origins in ancient India, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and modern India, especially the Mughal Empire and the British Raj. It is today the basis of affirmative action programmes in India. The caste system consists of two different concepts, varna and jati, …

Etymology. The modern English word tribe stems from Middle English tribu, which ultimately derives from Latin tribus.According to the Oxford English Dictionary, it remains unclear if this form is the result of a borrowing from a Romance language source (such as Old French tribu) or if the form is a result of borrowing directly from Latin (the Middle English plural tribuz 1250 may be a …

Mainly containing the Subay' tribes (Subaie) Riyadh: 7,676,654 (2018) Capital city, largest city, largest population, capital of Al Riyadh Province, capital of the Second Saudi State: Riyadh Al-Khabra: 69,690: Historical city best known for trading and goods exchange Rumailah +10,000 (2006) Small village in Al-Hasa: S; Sabt Al Alaya: Sarat ...

Iran and Saudi Arabia have had no diplomatic relations following the attack on the Saudi embassy in Tehran in January 2016 after Saudi Arabia executed Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr, a Shia cleric. Bilateral relations between the countries have been strained over several geopolitical issues such as the interpretations of Islam, aspirations for leadership of the Islamic world, oil export policy and ...

Operation Cyclone was the code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) program to arm and finance the Afghan mujahideen in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1992, prior to and during the military intervention by the USSR in support of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.The mujahideen were also supported by Britain's MI6, who conducted separate …

ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (Arabic: عمر بن الخطاب, also spelled Omar, c. 583/584 – 644) was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644.He succeeded Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. Umar was a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.