Turkmens (Turkmen: Türkmenler, Түркменлер, توركمنلر, [tʏɾkmønˈløɾ]; historically "the Turkmen"), sometimes referred to as "Turkmen Turks" (Turkmen: Türkmen türkleri, توركمن تورکلری), are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, living mainly in Turkmenistan, northern and northeastern regions of Iran and north-western Afghanistan.

The Karluks (also Qarluqs, Qarluks, Karluqs, Old Turkic: ????????????????, Qarluq, Persian: خَلُّخ, Khallokh, Arabic: قارلوق, Qarluq) were a prominent nomadic Turkic tribal confederacy residing in the regions of Kara-Irtysh (Black Irtysh) and the Tarbagatai Mountains west of the Altay Mountains in Central Asia.They were also known as the Géluólù (simplified Chinese: 葛逻禄 ...