Early uncial script most likely developed from late rustic capitals.Early forms are characterized by broad single-stroke letters using simple round forms taking advantage of the new parchment and vellum surfaces, as opposed to the angular, multiple-stroke letters, which are more suited for rougher surfaces, such as papyrus.In the oldest examples of uncial, such as the fragment of …

Carolingian minuscule or Caroline minuscule is a script which developed as a calligraphic standard in the medieval European period so that the Latin alphabet of Jerome's Vulgate Bible could be easily recognized by the literate class from one region to another. It is thought to have originated before AD 778 at the scriptorium of the Benedictine monks of Corbie Abbey, about …

Classification of uncials. In 1751, New Testament theologian Johann Jakob Wettstein knew of only 23 uncial codices of the New Testament. By 1859, Constantin von Tischendorf had increased that number to 64 uncials, and in 1909 Caspar René Gregory enumerated 161 uncial codices. By 1963, Kurt Aland, in his Kurzgefasste Liste, had enumerated 250, then in 1989, finally, 299 …

Calligraphy (from Greek: καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing.It is the design and execution of lettering with a pen, ink brush, or other writing instrument.: 17 Contemporary calligraphic practice can be defined as "the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious, and skillful manner".: 18 Modern calligraphy ranges from functional inscriptions …

The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BCE. It is derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, and was the earliest known alphabetic script to have distinct letters for vowels as well as consonants.In Archaic and early Classical times, the Greek alphabet existed in many local variants, but, by the end of the 4th …

Historia. La letra A proviene de la letra griega alfa (Α α), que a su vez proviene de «alep» (????), la primera letra del alfabeto fenicio.Alep podría provenir del pictograma de la cabeza de un buey en la escritura protosinaítica.Los fenicios, precisamente, nombraron a esta letra 'Aleph', que significa «buey» en fenicio, por su parecido a la cabeza de un toro. [2]

The Codex Sinaiticus (Shelfmark: London, British Library, Add MS 43725), designated by siglum א ‎ [Aleph] or 01 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 2 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), or "Sinai Bible". It is a fourth-century Christian manuscript of a Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Greek Old Testament, including the ...

The earliest Church Father to witness to a Byzantine text-type in substantial New Testament quotations is John Chrysostom (c. 349 – 407); although the fragmentary surviving works of Asterius the Sophist († 341) have also been considered to conform to the Byzantine text, and the incomplete surviving translation of Wulfila (d. 383) into Gothic is often thought to derive from …

Seals and stamps may have been precursors to movable type. The uneven spacing of the impressions on brick stamps found in the Mesopotamian cities of Uruk and Larsa, dating from the 2nd millennium BC, has been conjectured by some archaeologists as evidence that the stamps were made using movable type. The enigmatic Minoan Phaistos Disc of c. 1800–1600 BC has …

Blackletter (sometimes black letter), also known as Gothic script, Gothic minuscule, or Textura, was a script used throughout Western Europe from approximately 1150 until the 17th century. It continued to be commonly used for the Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish languages until the 1870s, and for the German language until the 1940s, when Hitler's distaste for the supposedly …