Felix Dzerzhinsky was born on 11 September 1877 to ethnically Polish parents of noble descent, at the Dzerzhinovo family estate, about 15 km (9.3 mi) from the small town of Ivyanets in the Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Belarus). In the Russian Empire, his family was of a type known as "column-listed nobility" (Russian: столбовое дворянство, stolbovoe ...

Gosplan was formally established by a Sovnarkom decree, dated 22 February 1921. Ironically, the decree was passed on the same day that an article by Soviet leader V. I. Lenin was published in Pravda criticizing advocates of a "single economic plan" for their "idle talk" and "boring pedantry" and arguing that the GOELRO plan for national electrification was the "one serious …

The 1965 Soviet economic reform, sometimes called the Kosygin reform (Russian: Косыгинская реформа) or Liberman reform, was a set of planned changes in the economy of the USSR.A centerpiece of these changes was the introduction of profitability and sales as the two key indicators of enterprise success. Some of an enterprise's profits would go to three funds, …

Lenin nasceu em Simbirsk em 10 de abril de 1870 [nt 2] e foi batizado vários dias depois; quando criança, ganhou o apelido de "Volodya", um diminutivo de Vladimir. [8] Era um dos oito filhos, tendo dois irmãos mais velhos, Anna (nascida em 1864) e Alexander (nascido em 1868). O casal Ulianov teve mais três filhos, Olga (nascido em 1871), Dmitry (nascido em 1874) e Maria …

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, yang lebih dikenal dengan julukan Lenin (22 April [K.J.: 10 April] 1870 – 21 Januari 1924), adalah seorang tokoh revolusioner komunis, politikus, dan teoretikus politik berkebangsaan Rusia.Nama Lenin sebenarnya adalah nama samaran yang diambil dari nama Sungai Lena di Siberia.Ia menjabat sebagai kepala pemerintahan Republik Sosialis Federasi …

Leon Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein to David Leontyevich Bronstein (1847–1922) and Anna Lvovna (née Zhivotovskaya, 1850–1910) on 7 November 1879, the fifth child of a wealthy Jewish landowner family in Yanovka, Kherson governorate, Russian Empire (now Bereslavka, Ukraine).His father, David Leontyevich, had lived in Poltava, and later moved to …

Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist, business magnate, founder of the Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production.By creating the first automobile that middle-class Americans could afford, he converted the automobile from an expensive luxury into an accessible conveyance that profoundly …

アゾフスタリ製鉄所はソ連国家経済最高ソビエト（ru:BCHX、en:VSNKh）の幹部会の決定により、1930年にウクライナ・ソビエト社会主義共和国のマリウポリに設立され、1933年に高炉が最初の出銑をして、生産を開始した 。

Sergo Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze, born Grigol Konstantines dze Orjonikidze (24 October [O.S. 12 October] 1886 – 18 February 1937), was a Georgian Bolshevik and Soviet politician.. Born and raised in Georgia, Ordzhonikidze joined the Bolsheviks at an early age and quickly rose within the ranks to become an important figure within the group.

L'Histoire du communisme recouvre l'ensemble des évolutions de ce courant d'idées et, par extension, celle des mouvances et des régimes politiques qui s'en sont réclamés. Le communisme se développe principalement au XX e siècle, dont il constitue l'une des principales forces politiques [1] : à son apogée, durant la seconde moitié du siècle, un quart de l'humanité …