WebIn software engineering and computer science, abstraction is: . The process of removing or generalizing physical, spatial, or temporal details or attributes in the study of objects or systems to focus attention on details of greater importance; it is similar in nature to the process of generalization;; the creation of abstract concept-objects by mirroring common …

WebPolykleitos the elder (c. 450–420 BC) was a Greek sculptor from the school of Argos, and a contemporary of Phidias.His works and statues consisted mainly of bronze and were of athletes. According to the philosopher and mathematician Xenocrates, Polykleitos is ranked as one of the most important sculptors of classical antiquity for his work on the …

WebPlatonic realism is the philosophical position that universals or abstract objects exist objectively and outside of human minds. It is named after the Greek philosopher Plato who applied realism to such universals, which he considered ideal forms.This stance is ambiguously also called Platonic idealism but should not be confused with idealism as …

WebIn science, computing, and engineering, a black box is a system which can be viewed in terms of its inputs and outputs (or transfer characteristics), without any knowledge of its internal workings.Its implementation is "opaque" (black). The term can be used to refer to many inner workings, such as the ones of a transistor, an engine, an algorithm, the …

WebIn mathematics, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects.A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points) which are connected by edges (also called links or lines).A distinction is made between undirected graphs, where edges link two vertices …

WebIn ancient Greek mathematics, "space" was a geometric abstraction of the three-dimensional reality observed in everyday life. About 300 BC, Euclid gave axioms for the properties of space. Euclid built all of mathematics on these geometric foundations, going so far as to define numbers by comparing the lengths of line segments to the length of a …

WebIn the historical development of geometry, the steps in the abstraction of geometry were made by the ancient Greeks. Euclid's Elements being the earliest extant documentation of the axioms of plane geometry— though Proclus tells of an earlier axiomatisation by Hippocrates of Chios. Euclid's Elements (c. 300 BC) is one of the oldest extant Greek …

WebIn set theory and its applications to logic, mathematics, and computer science, set-builder notation is a mathematical notation for describing a set by enumerating its elements, or stating the properties that its members must satisfy.. Defining sets by properties is also known as set comprehension, set abstraction or as defining a set's intension

WebEarly definitions. Pythagoras stated "All is number. Number rules the universe", paraphrased by Plato, from which Platonism historically was the main mathematics school of thought and is still large. His student Aristotle defined mathematics as "the science of quantity", and this definition prevailed until the 18th century. In his classification of the sciences, he further …

WebFrom kindergarten through high school, mathematics education in public schools in the United States has historically varied widely from state to state, and often even varies considerably within individual states. With the adoption of the Common Core Standards by 45 states, mathematics content across the country is moving into closer agreement for …