Over the past 3,000 years, the city of Beijing has had numerous other names. The name Beijing, which means "Northern Capital" (from the Chinese characters 北 for north and 京 for capital), was applied to the city in 1403 during the

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Early history
The earliest traces of human habitation in the Peking municipality were found in the caves of

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Beijing is situated at the northern tip of the roughly triangular North China Plain, which opens to the south and east of the city. Mountains to the north, northwest and west shield the city and northern China's agricultural heartland from the encroaching desert

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As of 2018 , Beijing's nominal GDP was US$458 billion (CN￥3.0 trillion), about 3.45% of the country's GDP and ranked 12th among

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In 2013, Beijing had a total population of 21.148 million within the municipality, of which 18.251 million resided in urban districts or suburban townships and 2.897 million lived in rural

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Beijing is a world leading center for scientific and technological innovation and has been ranked the No.1city in the world with the largest scientific

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The municipal government is regulated by the local Communist Party of China (CPC), led by the Beijing CPC Secretary (Chinese: 中共北京市委书记). The

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