The convention establishing CERN was ratified on 29 September 1954 by 12 countries in Western Europe. The acronym CERN originally represented the French words for Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire

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Current complex
CERN operates a network of six accelerators and a decelerator. Each machine in the chain increases the energy of particle beams before

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The smaller accelerators are on the main Meyrinsite (also known as the West Area), which was originally built in Switzerland alongside the French border, but has been extended to span the border since 1965. The French side is under Swiss jurisdiction and there is no obvious

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The Open Science movement focuses on making scientific research openly accessible and on creating knowledge through open tools and processes. Open access, open data, open source software and hardware, open licenses, digital preservation

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Facilities at CERN open to the public include:
• The Globe of Science and Innovation, which opened in late 2005 and is used four times a week for special

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• The band Les Horribles Cernettes was founded by women from CERN. The name was chosen so to have the same initials as the LHC.
• CERN's Large Hadron Collider is the subject of a 2008 scientifically accurate rap video starring Katherine McAlpinewith

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Member states and budget
Since its foundation by 12 members in 1954, CERN regularly accepted new members. All new members have remained in the organization continuously since their accession, except Spain and Yugoslavia. Spain first

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