Prior to European contact (pre-1542)
Indigenous peoples have lived along the California coast for at least 11,000 years. Sites of the Millingstone Horizondate from 7000 to 4500 BC and show evidence of a subsistence system

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Chumash worldviewis centered on the belief "that considers all things to be, in varying measure, alive, intelligent, dangerous, and sacred." According to Thomas Blackburn in December's Child: A Book of Chumash Oral Narratives published in 1980, the

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One Chumash band, the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians of the Santa Ynez Reservation is a federally recognized tribe, and

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Estimates for the precontact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. The anthropologist Alfred L. Kroeberthought the 1770 population of the

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Several related languages under the name "Chumash" (from čʰumaš /t͡ʃʰumaʃ/, meaning "Santa Cruz Islander") were spoken. No native speakers remain, although the dialects are

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The Chumash were hunter-gatherers and were adept at fishing at the time of Spanish colonization. They are one of the relatively few New Worldpeoples who regularly navigated the ocean

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This is a list of notable Chumash people:
• Lorna Dee Cervantes (born 1954), an award-winning feminist, activist, poet and Chicana of Chumash descent
• Juana Maria(died 1853), the last

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