civilization wikipedia - EAS
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A civilization (or civilisation) is any complex society characterized by the development of a state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond natural spoken language (namely, a writing system). Civilizations are intimately associated with additional … See more
The English word civilization comes from the 16th-century French civilisé ("civilized"), from Latin civilis ("civil"), related to civis ("citizen") and civitas ("city"). The fundamental treatise is Norbert Elias's The Civilizing Process (1939), … See more
Civilizations are traditionally understood as ending in one of two ways; either through incorporation into another expanding civilization (e.g. As … See more
Political scientist Samuel Huntington has argued that the defining characteristic of the 21st century will be a clash of civilizations. According to Huntington, conflicts between civilizations will supplant the conflicts between nation-states and ideologies that … See more
Social scientists such as V. Gordon Childe have named a number of traits that distinguish a civilization from other kinds of society. … See more
Another group of theorists, making use of systems theory, looks at a civilization as a complex system, i.e., a framework by which a group of … See more
The notion of human history as a succession of "civilizations" is an entirely modern one. In the European Age of Discovery, emerging Modernity was put into stark contrast with the Neolithic and Mesolithic stage of the cultures of many of the peoples they … See more
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